Examines Arab reactions to Nazism and the Shoah in the 1930s-40s, as well as from 1948 to the present. Emphasizes that the Arabs are not a homogeneous group ; attitudes toward Nazism and Zionism vary, and a small minority even allies itself with the Zionist cause. Focuses on the main ideological currents in the Arab world, the contours of which were established between 1919-45, and the character of which is revealed in their relation to the Shoah. Distinguishes between liberal occidentalism, Marxism, nationalism, and reactionary or fundamentalist pan-Islamism. Under these categories, discusses, inter alia, Syrian, Lebanese, Egyptian, and Iraqi nationalism and Nazism ; Arab nationalism and antisemitism ; Islam and the Jews ; Rachid Rida, the spiritual father of modern Arab fundamentalism ; Chakib Arslan, the intermediary between the pan-Islamist movement and the fascist powers ; and Amin al-Husseini, the Mufti of Jerusalem. Post-Holocaust attitudes toward the Jews are marked by these four ideologies and their development. Divides the period from the establishment of the state of Israel into the Nasser years (1948-67) ; the years of the PLO (1967-88) ; and the years of Islamic resistance (1988 to the present). Deals with Nasserism and antisemitism ; the Eichmann trial, restitution, and Holocaust denial ; Hizballah, Hamas, and Islamized antisemitism ; and the negative instrumentalization of the Shoah from Garaudy to Ahmadinejad. Also discusses the complex relationship between the Shoah and the Nakba, the "painful catastrophe" of the establisment of the state of Israel and its consequences for the Palestinians.